An Analysis of Vocational School Students’ Need during Online Learning in Pandemic Covid-19 Era

Online learning is the alternative teaching technique in this situation. Combining technology in learning English may be not weird for some teachers. However, some teachers are made confused by technology because of their knowledge. The pandemic of covid-19 thrust on the teacher for utilizing the technology in teaching and learning. The teacher has faced two conditions where they are not only learning about technology but, also should develop their materials. In developing the material for vocational school, the teachers have to know the need of their students. This research is aimed to analyze the students’ needs in teaching and learning which are conducted by online learning. The material, method, media, or technique in teaching and learning should be paid attention to. This research is descriptive qualitative research with use population vocational school in Purworejo. The sample of this research is tenth graders of SMK N 7 Purworejo and SMK Muhammadiyah Purworejo. The collecting data technique is an observation of the document and interview with the students and teachers. The result of this research is the materials should be developed/modified based on the major of their students. Speaking, pronunciation, and vocabulary are needed to emphasize online learning. The teacher must improve their media of teaching by using interactive media. So the teachers have to be more creative in using technology. The technique, method, or approach should be adaptable with the material of students’ needs, learning media, and textbook that is used. In conclusion, the teacher was hoped that they know how to use the technology, develop the materials based on their major, and improvisation of teaching and learning techniques, methods, and approaches.


Introduction
The students of senior high school and vocational high school have different focuses in learning English. (Mahbub, 2020) state that vocational high schools focus on the development of students' skills in specific, they also prepare for entering the workplace and developing professional behavior.
Teaching and learning in vocational school cannot be done in the same way. Moreover, each student in the same class has a different focus on learning. Some factor that influences it is the students' character, students' knowledge, students' experience, or perhaps students' environment also influences the students' need. Especially in learning English, it's categorized on the English for Specific Purpose. The Nurse students will learn English in different material if it compares with the law students. It also occurs in vocational high schools. The accounting students will have a different focus from the engineering students on the learning materials.
However, the real conditions that occur in Indonesia are the English materials in vocational school and high school is the same. They used 1 curriculum, syllabus, and textbook for this level. So that, it is not relevant with the statement of (Mahbub, 2020) that vocational high schools are prepared to develop the students' skills in a specific field. It relates to (Parnawati & Ulinuha, 2019) argument that the specific field of study also needs a specific kind of English.
At this moment, knowing the students' need are the best action before conducting the teaching and learning. (Akyel & Ozek, 2010) state that the need analysis can help the teacher to clarify and validate the learners' true needs. By analyzing the students' needs, the teacher can develop the materials based on the students' needs. It will have a different effect on teaching and learning.
Those are supported in the situation nowadays that all of the teaching and learning should be conducted by online learning as the preventive action in reducing the spread of the coronavirus. So that, identifying the students' needs is become important in achieving learning. The researcher has done mini-research before conducting this research. The researcher found that English is the lowest subject material in the vocational school. the data showed in 2019, the English score of SMK N 7 Purworejo and SMK Muhammadiyah Purworejo is lowest than Bahasa Indonesia and Mathematic. According to that research, the researcher is interested to analyze the students' need for vocational school which is faced with the covid 19 pandemic where all learning systems must be implemented online.

Research questions
Based on the problem present above, the researcher formulates the questions for the research is what are the vocational school students' needs during online learning while pandemic covid-19 era?

Significance of the study
The researcher hopes the result of this research can contribute to developing material or methods for vocational school according to the student major and students' needs. So, this can help the teacher to determine the material, method, approach, and or technique of teaching and learning that is suitable for the students. The researcher also expects that this research can help the reader in guiding to develop the materials, method approach, and or the technique of teaching and learning based on the students' needs.

Research Design
This research is descriptive qualitative research. The researcher has done the research and found that there is some lack in teaching and learning online during a pandemic in the vocational school. The researcher also has done mini-research by conducting some observations by checking the result of the final exam in 2019 before conducting the main research. The researcher found that English is the lowest subject material than mathematic and Bahasa Indonesia. so, this research aims to describe and analyze the students' needs in vocational school during pandemic which the learning was done by online learning.

Samples/Participants
The population of this research is the teacher and the students of vocational schools in Purworejo. The researcher did random sampling. The sampling on this research is the student's tenth graders and teachers of SMK N 7 Purworejo and SMK Muhammadiyah Purworejo. The participant of this research are 2 teachers and 20 students

Instruments
The instrument of this researcher is observation and interviews. In observation, the researcher observed the document such as the Whatsapp text between the teacher and students, the document of the material, and assignments that are given by the teacher, textbook, and another document supported.

Data analysis
The data analysis of this research refers to the theory of Miles and Huberman (1984) that are (1) data condensation, (2) data display, and (3) drawing and verifying conclusions. (Miles et al., 2014) define the three of those steps are data condensation is the data selection taken by focusing, simplifying, and or abstracting the data through an interview, observation, or other documents. The data display is the general data display that allows the concluding of the data. Then the drawing and verifying conclusions are the conclusions from the previous steps that explain the result of the research. (Sugiyono, 2016) represent the data analysis of the Miles and Huberman as the figure 1 below:

Findings 3.1.1 Observation
Based on the data observation, the researcher observed some documents such as syllabus, Lesson Plan, textbook, and some documents of material and task/assignments are used by the two of vocational school. In conducting the teaching and learning, the teachers used Whatsapp as a media of learning. The results of the observation are presented in Table 3 below: Result of Observation

Syllabus
The two schools in this research used a syllabus that refers to the curriculum 2013 which this syllabus also used by senior high school. In other words, the materials are the same.

Lesson Plan
Lesson Plans are made based on the syllabus are used by those schools. In this part, the teacher developed the lesson plan to adjust the material, approach, method, or technique in teaching and learning based on the students' needs, and the character of the students and the teacher.

Textbook
They used the textbook recommended by the government entitled "Bahasa Inggris". According to the observation, the researcher found that this book is not recommended for vocational school students. The material is still general. The vocational school students should learn in specific.
Other documents Another document from this research is the material and some assignments were given by the teacher. Those material and assignments are shared by the Whatsapp group and application (e-learning). The mechanism of teaching and learning of those schools is the students were given the materials and assignments by WhatsApp then they should learn it independently.
According to table 3, it can be concluded that the material refers to the curriculum 2013 where the material of SMA and SMK is the same. It relates to the textbook are used. Some research had done about this textbook. (Santoso & Ghozali, 2020) in their research have found that this textbook is partly suitable for vocational school. It means that this textbook is not specific on some purpose. All teacher is more focused on WhatsApp as media in teaching and learning .

Interview
After conducting the observation, the researcher did some interviews as a stage of data analysis. The purpose of this step is for analyzing the data deeply and validating the result of observation. The researcher interviewed teachers of two vocational school and their students.
Firstly, the researcher interviewed the teacher of SMK Muhammadiyah Purworejo. He said that there are so many problems in the vocational school. One of his responses from him is: Teacher 1: I realized that they should learn English with the standard of high school, whereas they should prepare for work. So, some materials should be modified. Besides them, we should learn more about using the technology with limited facilities. According to those statements, his school is still having limited access, and facilities. His students also didn't have a facility because of the background of their economy. So, it is hard to apply online learning in vocational school apart from the materials. The researcher also interviewed the teacher of SMK N 7 Purworejo to make a comparison. She clearly explained that the problem same with another school. One of the responses from her is: Teacher 2: some struggles in this era are lack of facilities, low students' motivations, and the knowledge of technology. In my old age, I cannot operate the computer as well as the young teacher. So it makes teaching and learning fail. We didn't have a problem with materials, but we have some struggles in the knowledge of using technology. Based on her statement, some struggles of hers were the facilities that cannot be fulfilled. Such as strong internet connections, computers, and training. The development of materials while online learning should be more emphasized. She should think more about it.
In short, the result of the interview that had been done is, they realized that the materials are partly suitable for the students' majors. Developing content and or theme is the big problem in a vocational school. It is supported by the lack of knowledge in utilizing the technology. Facilities, students' background, and inappropriate textbook is the biggest struggle in online learning.
Those also supported with the statements of the students that: Student 1: we need material that supports us to prepare in getting a job after graduating. Sometimes the materials have appropriate but sometimes there is a theme that has been learned in junior school. Student 2: we should learn by videos, some of us difficult to understand the material. Student 3: zoom is more interesting and helps us in learning. Those statements also related to their teacher. Online learning may help them more easily to learn. but they were difficult to understand the materials. They need more information to understand it. Zoom, google classroom, google meet may help them in learning by online learning. The adjustment of materials and their major have been appropriated in some materials, even though, their skill could not be explored such speaking, pronunciation, and vocabulary where they need them.
Based on those results of the interview, the researcher concluded that material for vocational school is still not suitable in the theme of the material. The teacher should develop the material based on the major of study the students, especially in online learning. Some fact of the online learning, the teachers were not ready to use online learning. The knowledge of utilization for technology becomes an obstacle for them. They need more time to learn it.

Discussion
Vocational school is a school that prepares the students for learning specifically by their major. So that the materials should be suitable for their major. It means that the vocational school needs materials for special purposes. (Asrifan et al., 2020) said on their research that the English are to be differentiated for high school and vocational school. They also explain that the textbook of vocational school is difficult to find. So, in this case, their teacher always developed the materials before they teach. Developing the theme without changing the materials is the best way for fulfilling the students' needs.
Based on the theory of (Nation & Macalister, 2010) the researcher sums up the students need based on categories in need analysis are: a. Necessities To sum up, the necessities of the students need in learning at vocational school are the language skills have become important, so the students should be able to master 4 language skills; reading, speaking, listening and writing. Although, they need to be a master in speaking with good pronunciation and have more vocabularies that are appropriate with their major. b. Lack Lack is something that should be learned by the learner because it cannot be achieved. The researcher resumes the lack of the students in learning English while online is the materials and tasks were shared by WhatsApp without explanations more even though the material is general English, so it effected to their language skills that they need such pronunciation, vocabulary, and speaking. c. Want Wants focus on what the learners wish to learn. the students said that: "the materials should be more specific. It means that the material still needs to modify based on the theme/content, media, technique, or approach while conducting online learning. They assume that it can emphasize their speaking skills.
Finally, to answer the research question above, the researcher had summarized it. The vocational students' needs are the materials should be appropriated with the student's major, languages skill should be developed based on the focus of learning and graduation target, method, technique, and approach cannot be equated between students, so it may be combined each other, choosing textbook is also important for the students as a source of materials. According to (Richards, 2001) state that the goal of an ESP course is for preparing the learners to carry out a specific task or set of tasks. Then Robinson (1980,11) cited in (Richards, 2001) stated "the students learning of ESP is usually studying to perform role". according to those theories, it reflects the discussion above, that ESP should have specific materials, method, technique, and or approach which is different from the general English that the goal of the learning is to mastery the language overall. (Far, 2008) articulated the ESP for accommodating the different types of learners' needs and demands. So that, the analysis of the students' needs is more important for vocational school students. those are some struggles that happened in Indonesia, even so, some teachers have realized that vocational school and high school are different. They should treat more special.

Conclusion
The need of the students in vocational school is different from those in high school. The students' need for vocational school should be based on the major they choose. The students who learn accounting will learn differently from the students who learn the engineering of a computer. So, based on the finding and discussion above, it can be concluded that the material and theme of the content should be developed and appropriate to students' majors. Such as the battle of Surabaya is not important for students with a cooking major. By using media online in teaching and learning is the best way for the teacher and students for learning. Utilizing zoom, google meet, skype, google classroom may be effective if applied in model online learning.
In vocational school, active language skills should be emphasized. Improving speaking, pronunciation, and vocabulary is one of the students need in a vocational school for preparing their abilities while they work. The implementation of a good method, technique, approach in teaching-learning that should be adaptable, maybe can make the teaching and learn more attractive.

Suggestions
The researcher suggests that the teacher should be more creative in using the technology. It can help the students in learning English, motivate the students, and feel comfortable with the learning process. But, all of them should be based on the students' needs. According to this research, the teacher should make the content and theme of the material appropriate with the student's major, emphasizing the language skill should be based on the students characteristic and needs, creativity in applying technology, method, technique, and approach of teaching and learning should be improved. The researcher hopes that this research can give the reader or the researcher impact on education in Indonesia. The researcher suggests that this research can be developed applied in curriculum design for vocational schools.